Chapter 1 - Introduction to System
Comprehensive Questions & Answers for Class 9 Computer Science (Punjab Board)
System & its Basic Components
System is simply an organized set of components that are coordinated to perform a designated function.
Example: A car.
Components:
Basic components of system include:
- Inputs (such as resources or data that enter the system)
- Processes (actions or functions that convert input into the useful output)
- Output (the finalresults or products of system)
Natural vs Artificial System
| Natural System | Artificial System |
| Natural system occur in nature without any human intervention. | Artificial system are created by human for specific purposes and often rely on technology and engineering to function. |
| Example: Rivers, ecosystems, or solar systems | Example: vehicles, computers or factories |
Main Components of Computer System
Components of Computer System are:
- Hardware: Physical parts like CPU, RAM, Keyboard, Monitor, Printer
- Software: Programs and OS like Windows, MS Word, Antivirus
- Data: Raw facts and information that is processed
- People: Users who operate and manage the computer
- Procedures: Instructions/rules to use the system
- Interface Components: Interface components refers to the fundamental parts of computer system, including input devices such as keyboard and mouse which allow users to interact with computer.
- Processing Components: Processing components of computer consists of CPU, Random access memory (RAM), The operating system and application software.
- Communication Components: Communication components in a computer refer to the physical elements that provide communication between different components of the computer.
Types of Computing Systems
Types of computing system include
- Computer: Devices like desktop, laptops andsmart phones designed to process data andexecute programs.
- Software System: Collection of software application andprograms that work together to accomplishtasks (e.g. an operating system).
- Computer Networks: Connected computers that shareresources and communicate, like a home or office network
- Internet: The global network connecting billions of smaller networks, enabling world-wide communication and data exchange.
Main Components of Von Neumann
Components:
- Memory
- Central Processing Unit
- Input devices
- Output devices
Definition and Key Components of Von Neumann Architecture
Definition:
The Von Neumann architecture is the computer paradigm that delineates a system in which hardware of computer has four primary components.
Components:
- Memory
- Central Processing Unit (CPU)
- Output devices
- Input devices
Four Main Steps in Von Neumann Instruction Cycle
Steps:
- Fetching
- Decoding
- Execution
- Storing
Von Neumann Bottleneck
The Von Neumann bottleneck occurs when a single memory area limits the CPU's ability to retrieve instructions and data quickly.